Comparative Chloroplast Genomics in Phyllanthaceae Species

Family Phyllanthaceae belongs to the eudicot order Malpighiales, and its species are herbs, shrubs, trees that mostly distributed in tropical regions. Here, we elucidate molecular evolution of chloroplast genome identify polymorphic loci for phylogenetic inference. We de novo assembled genomes three species, i.e., Phyllanthus emblica, Flueggea virosa, Leptopus cordifolius, compared them with six other previously reported genomes. All comprised two inverted repeat regions (size range 23,921–27,128 bp) separated large single-copy (83,627–89,932 small (17,424–19,441 Chloroplast contained 111–112 unique genes, including 77–78 protein-coding, 30 tRNAs, 4 rRNAs. The deletion/pseudogenization rps16 genes was found only species. High variability seen number oligonucleotide repeats, while guanine-cytosine contents, codon usage, amino acid frequency, simple sequence synonymous non-synonymous substitutions, transition transversion substitutions were similar. higher coding sequences than non-coding sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed polyphyletic nature genus Phyllanthus. protein-coding rpl22, ycf1, matK, ndhF, rps15, also determined, which may be helpful reconstructing high-resolution tree family Phyllanthaceae. Overall, study provides insight into